Our research investigates the dynamics of brain state changes and their impact on perception and cognitive processes. While sleep is characterized by well-defined state transitions, it remains unclear how the brain continuously changes during wakefulness. Animal models suggest a continuum from movement to wakefulness to inattention, yet the underlying mechanisms, particularly in humans, are not well understood. In particular, the effects of physical activity and mind wandering on working memory and visual perception are not fully explored.

Our research shows that movement enhances target detection and information processing by optimizing neural oscillations and improving memory retrieval. By analyzing cortical ripple activity and theta modulation, we investigate how these processes are regulated. Additionally, we explore how movement influences attentional focus—an advantage for perception but one that may also increase distractibility. A better understanding of these mechanisms could not only refine our knowledge of cognitive processes but also provide new insights into psychiatric disorders where altered brain states play a role. Furthermore, our findings have implications for education, the workplace, and mental health, emphasizing the importance of movement-integrated environments in supporting optimal cognitive function.